A variety of tools are available to aid you in quickly navigating in and out of Subgraphs
Shortcut (Nodegraph Only): HOME
WIll take you back to the Root Graph of the current Object
Shortcut (Nodegraph Only): I
Will open the Subgraph of a selected Material or Group Node.
Shortcut (Nodegraph Only): U
When within a Subgraph, this will go up one level in the hierarchy. This is not necessarily the Root Graph, depending on how many nested Graphs you have
Shortcut (Nodegraph Only): Ctrl+Tab
Will cycle through open Graph Tabs in the Nodegraph Palette.